The word rosary comes from Latin and means a garland of roses, the rose being
one of the flowers used to symbolize the Virgin Mary. The rosary is a devotion in honor of the Virgin Mary. It
consists of a set number of specific prayers. 
to Catholic tradition, the rosary was instituted by the
Blessed Virgin Mary herself. In the 13th century, she is said to have appeared to St. Dominic (founder of the
Dominicans), given him a rosary, and asked that Christians pray the Hail Mary, Our Father and Glory Be prayers.
The Mysteries of the Rosary are designed to help focus our prayer on the life, ministry, and Passion of Our Lord. There are four rosary mysteries. They are Joyful, Sorrowful, Glorious, and Luminous mysteries. five parts of each mystery which correspond to the five decades of the rosary. The Joyful Mysteries focus on the joyful events related to the Incarnation of Jesus Christ. The Sorrowful Mysteries focus on the sorrowful events related to the Passion and Death of Jesus Christ. The Glorious Mysteries focus on the glorious events related to the resurrection and the reigning of Christ in heaven with Our Lady. The Luminous Mysteries or mysteries of light (added by Pope St. John Paul II) focus on the life and ministry of Jesus Christ.
It is recommended that you meditate on the mysteries of the rosary based upon the days of the week. For example, on Mondays you will pray the Joyful Mysteries. With each of the five decades of the rosary you will focus on one of the five events that comprise the Joyful mysteries. On Tuesdays you will pray the Sorrowful Mysteries, and so on through the rest of the week. Meditating on the life of Christ with the prayers of the Holy Rosary through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary—is a sure way of growing in faith and in your understanding of the faith, deepening your relationship with Christ, increasing in holiness and virtue, and avoiding sin.
The prayer begins, “Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.” This is nothing other than the greeting the angel Gabriel gave Mary in Luke 1:28. The next part reads this way: “Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.” This was exactly what Mary’s cousin Elizabeth said to her in Luke 1:42. The second part of the Hail Mary is not taken straight from Scripture, but it is entirely biblical in the thoughts it expresses. It reads: “Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.”
Our holy mother never ceases to look after the good and welfare of all her children. At the site of any danger, she goes to their aid and with tender heart of a loving mother, offers them her counsel and assistance. The power of God is with her. The counsel, wisdom, and understanding of Holy spirit dwell in her. The promise of her divine founder, Jesus Christ, that He would be with us all days even to the end of the world, is proven over and over.
